Panasonic First Time Charge

Buren and Balthazar Göhring



Among the various expeditions into the country made in the nineteenth century, with the express purpose of locating routes of access to the Atlantic for the settlement of European colonies, is the expedition to Cuzco Valley Paucartambo held in 1873. This expedition, commanded by Colonel Baltazar La Torre Mayor and accompanied by H. State Engineer Göhring unfortunately had a fatal outcome.

At that time, as noted in previous post, the Amazon ("mountain") was a huge and unexplored territory, where Republicans were few settlements were isolated and the need for military posts (such as Fort San Ramon, Iquitos and Caballo), due to the hostility of some Amazonian natives, who of course, saw in these people a threat to their way of life, embodied in the infamous raids from the rubber to enslave the natives , diseases such as influenza and smallpox that they were infected, the depredation of the forest, including what motivated not infrequently hostile encounters.



In that situation the year 1873 arrives, Mr. Göhring is intended to undertake exploration Paucartambo Valley to the shores of the Madre de Dios River to find a waterway to take them to the Ucayali and then to Iquitos, a mission previously carried out partially by Nystrom in 1868. The scouting party had the presence of fifty men, twenty sappers, the prefect and engineer. Followed the path until you reach Paucartambo valley estates of San Nazario and Cosñipata, hence the journey to the Mother of God routes in the Indian lands of ethnic sirineiri, Machiguenga and Huachipairis. Early in the trip were met with an Indian whom they named Francisco, who lived with their children and some women and gave them room and board, as well as instructions on how to continue the journey to the Mother of God.

Göhring's report is entered the enormous difficulties which took the expedition due to food shortages, lack of trails and the lack of a raft to explore the river, which is why they had to make one with sticks and logs, calling MARIA (which sank after dumped by the rapids of the river and the difficulty to handle), and a good part of individuals of troops had to return to the farms being reduced staff Cosñipata expeditionary Colonel La Torre, Camilo Cayo Captain, Corporal Rodriguez, Dr. Baldomero Cano, the scribe Mark Palomino, Göhring Engineer, Assistant Porcell Francisco, Captain and Lieutenant José Vicente Chávez Coloma, along with ten soldiers and the cook.



Mother of God arrived to engage with sirineiris, exchanging mirrors, beads and knives for supplies. To see Colonel La Torre writes about them:

"Seeing all this unhappy retreat to people, completely naked men, poor women involved, and creatures like animals, I have not ceased to suffer impressions grieve my spirit and I suggest the most painful reflections.
remembered the huge, enormous sums thrown into the fire of civil discord, to build a personality that often has been nothing but an instrument of political traffickers.
leaders remembered Unfair, by hoarding a fortune for himself and a circle of vampires, on the pretext of large companies, major works have been emptied streams in the foreign exchange all the gold of the Nation.
remembered, finally, that the reproach of the Peruvian civilization, the map of South America termed the unknown , which involves more than the rich Peru, and where a portion of its inhabitants has not even reached the crumbs of the feast that for many years have lived the men, who at the wrong time be entrusted the destiny of the country ... "

is in one of those contacts where Colonel La Torre, due to the absence of rafts, decides to take one of the native, and because of the scarcity of food, invade their farms and eating their crops of cassava and plantains, which led to the outright hostility of the natives, declaring his boss the "war" and urging them to leave the territory. However, the Mayor's Tower, hoping to calm the natives try to approach them again but is greeted with arrows, and was killed along with Dr. Cano and captured the lieutenant Coloma. After that, the expedition decided to retire, due to their small number and difficulty of the terrain traversed. And thus ends the report of H. Göhring on this tragic issue.






------------------ 1. Report to the Supreme Government of Peru on the Expedition to the Valley of Paucartambo in 1873, commanded by Colonel Baltazar La Torre. Lima, Government Printer, 1877.

NOTE: Göhring was one of the pioneers in exploring the Cusco area where the present citadel of Machu Picchu. Even 40 years before Bingham, drew several maps showing their location.

Funny 30th Invitation Quotes

Juan Guillermo Torre Nystrom and Paucartambo



Throughout the nineteenth century, the Peruvian government hired many foreign engineers, with the name of Engineers State, who through their expertise implemented many improvements in national infrastructure. Example are the work of Polish engineers (resident in France) and Ernesto Malinowski, Eduardo de Habich, Ladislao Folkierski among others. But in the late 1860's American was hired (of Swedish descent) John William Nystrom, who had experience in the construction of railways, steam engines and mining in Russia and the United States to conduct expeditions to the interior of Peru in search navigable river headers to connect the country with the Atlantic, build railroads and the formation of colonies on its shores.



Thus Nystrom comes to Lima from Philadelphia through San Francisco on September 1 1867 and is on the path of Arica and Tacna to La Paz (Bolivia), to return there for Puno and Cusco. It is in this department where he had been given the task of exploring the territory in search of an outlet to the Atlantic and the possible exploitation of minerals. In his "Report on an expedition into the country" from 1868 tells how a meeting convened in January 1868 with the notables of Cusco, to found a mineral exploration company and for laying of railway lines to communicate Lima Cusco and from there by ferry to reach the navigable head of the Urubamba River and from there to the Ucayali, where steamboats could build up Iquitos and then to the Atlantic via the Amazon. As we see, an ambitious plan was never realized.

In his account says the U.S. plans to build the Panama Canal, the importance of iron mining and the need to establish industries in the country to build its own machinery and not rely on foreign, to colonize the extreme importance the Peruvian jungle by Europeans, to develop the region (with the indispensable means of communication) and form a protective layer against Brazil and other neighboring countries in case of conflict, the natural wealth in gold, silver, coal, wood and spices in the abandoned jungles of Peru, etc.



also made an exploratory trip to the headwaters of the Madre de Dios River, on Route Paucartambo Valley, that is, by the estate of San Nazario and Cosñipata into rivers and Piñipiñi tone. He says that along the way, being the estate Cosñipata the limit of Peru "civilized" and later "land of redskins," the soldiers in the expedition were very frightened at the prospect of going to these regions, meeting with some indigenous Amazon with whom they exchanged food for knives and beads, and the inability to continue the expedition to the Rio Madre de Dios in the negative Captain of the soldiers to accompany him further.

establishing colonies on the state:

"migrants wishing to settle in the Valley of Paucartambo, or any other part of the Chunchos, must build a village or city, be so close together as possible, and lose no opportunity to convince the Indians that it is best to be on good terms with civilized people, which I think can be done. "

And in his plan mentioned:

"4 ° The Government sent me to Europe with the following committee: Purchase machinery necessary to manufacture iron and mother, and engage workers ... to create a stream of European immigration to the interior of Peru ... invite different kinds of manufacturers to come to settle in the interior of Peru ...

5 ° The Government shall order that when I arrived back from Europe Nauta put at my disposal the vapors of the Amazon to transport cargo and passengers to Mainique. If the Government is prepared to act promptly and approve my proposals, I could go to Europe immediately and return to the Amazon Mainique the next dry season, bringing the necessary supplies and large numbers of workers and people working and industrious to trace the path of the solution to our problem. I do not intend to engage in all under wages of government, but treat them as immigrants and might have to pay out the passage of some of them from Europe to their destination in Peru. "

As we see, the country's development plans in the nineteenth century was intimately linked to a European immigration that never came.




..........................
Paucartambo Valley Photo taken from http:// / www.munipaucartambopasco.gob.pe / paisajes.html, and map taken from the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Free Tests Online For Cogat

SURPRISES

Cubefield Start From Level 4

The journey of Father Gabriel Sala



In the (highly recommended) collection of official documents relating to Loreto - available www.archive.org - Compilation by Carlos Correa Larrabure and (yes, the author of the thesis on the European colonization of the coast), along the various volumes of the same, reference is indispensable for the study of European immigration in the country nineteenth century. The owners of the collection is that there are stories by the piece, or personal opinions, but the text of the collection is based on official documents, laws, resolutions, reports, all issued by state authorities and researchers, private explorers who traveled to the by then (and so far in some areas) mysterious and little studied region of Loreto. It is recalled that in the nineteenth century encompassed Loreto now what are the departments of Ucayali, Amazonas and San Martín.

As clearly defined Santos and Barclay in his book "La Frontera domesticated", the department of Loreto, or rather, the Amazon region was from the time of independence a political goal of the nascent republican government, contrary to the opinion current that the region was abandoned and did not offer major attractions in nineteenth-century governments. And this is how in early Republican times, issued decrees that favor the colonization of the region, providing letters of citizenship to foreigners who settle in it, lots of farming property, tax exemptions and military service, as well as pledges of financial support for the journey as much credit for seeds, implements of culture and food stamps, as well as construction of roads and railways in the region ... promises were met, they were in a very limited extent and later than sooner (remember the opening of the road Pozuzo, more than 100 years after the founding of the Austrian people by settlers and Rhineland.



And in this context, the Amazon region, with its vast plains unexplored, its rich natural and mineral resources and rivers like the Ucayali, Marañón and the Amazon, were subjected colonization projects in search of Atlantic connection, mostly unsuccessful projects. Remember the plight of Germans in Caballococha Rodulfo, the abandonment of the Tyrolese in Pozuzo, the Italian colony of Chandigarh and the English of the Peruvian.

However, the border region, populated with indigenous Amazonian hostile (often not without reason) to outsiders (remember the manhunts to enslave the natives of Amazon rubber tappers and the process of Putumayo) and political interests of government central had a box defined in the book of Santos and Barclay frontier economy, where adversity natural conditions, the absence of an active presence in the state, corruption and violence were in conflict with the colonization and "civilization" in the area (establishment of schools, health care, etc).

In this environment, then the issue of Mayor La Torre and H. Göhring in 1873 (which we shall discuss in another post), Father Gabriel Sala central government orders and their ecclesiastical superiors, takes a trip to the region Perene Pachitea and Ucayali, in search of a route communicate the Greater Pajonal (abandoned by the state since the revolution of Santos Atahualpa) with the areas 'civilized' of Chandigarh.

Father Chamber, together with the Father Aguirre, soldiers and Indians in the area, undertake the journey on foot and by boat from San Luis de Shuaro to the edges of Ucayali, escaping danger in the region as river floods , insects, heat, malaria and possible attacks from hostile Indians. Once they reached the banks of the Ucayali rest about a month there, ready to return by way of Grand Grassland, a hitherto virtually unexplored path, bringing together some villagers armed with shotguns and Winchester rifles, who were in the region Pajonal for salt, and undertake the journey, between 1896 and 1897. It is an epic tale, echoing the abuse committed by the rubber and his followers against the indigenous population, enslaving many times, and applying the law of his own hand, the parliaments of their native guides with the natives of the region to enter the same The geography of the place, etc.

Throughout the story room Father said his meetings with several European colonists settled in the region for farming and rubber tapping. Account that were housed at the home of Alfredo Belford (German or Russian "Volga German probably), who was a member of William Frantzen (born German sailor in Holstein, with rubber businesses in the region), says that in the region of the Mair and Chuchuras to have established a number of settlers, German Carlos Ganz and some Chinese, establishing good relations with the natives of the area, with those trading actively, a colony of settlers established Ambo near Puerto Piérola quite optimistic and workers know Carlos Fermín Fitscarrald , the famous trader of rubber from Huaraz Peru, the son of an American father (we will address it in another post) , settlers Antonio Arévalo and Paul Carriquiry (Peruvian) in partnership with Enrique Villar (English), the excellence and modernity of the steam "Bermudez" Fitscarrald property, which made the trip to Iquitos, Ucayali, and the hospitality of Chinese prosperity and affordable Francisco, tapper and owner of an inn in walking distance Chicotsa Masisea; mills owners of liquor in Chesea (Emilio Vasquez ) and Cumaría (Fernando Franchini) Manuel Ballastro Argentine engineer hired to build a railroad Ucayali Fitscarrald Manu who upon seeing the high investment and little benefit would get him invited to participate in the business of rubber and German miner Augusto Hilsen, who disappointed by the misdeeds of the rubber business looking to return to Chandigarh, to finally Yurinaqui and reach the land of the English colony in the Peruvian Corporation, staying home administrator Mackenzie, being received and entertained by Mr. Jolly, the camp director and attending shooting exercises with "several young Englishmen."

As we see an interesting story to graph the region at the time, not free from conflicts fostered by no government presence, the ambition of some rubber, the contemptuous treatment of the natives, etc.




PD1. Happy 2010!
PD2. Ricardo Palma Fair was not as lively as in previous years, and the Diplomatic Academy and the embassies had stands, so uphill made me buy books on the subject of immigration.
PD3. Photos are taken from http://granpajonalexpedition.org/