Very little has been written of its existence, but almost everyone has heard or heard of them. There are very marked negative cliches, as we will have more than a century old on them. One can see them in Lima, a group of women reading the luck in the Center or Javier Av Prado, families eating at McDonald's in San Luis or teenagers with fashionable hairstyles, long jean skirts going to the movies at the Jockey Plaza. I refer to immigrants rom (also known as Roma, Bohemians, Gypsies or Roma). The origins of Roma are poorly understood, apparently from northern India and mid-eleventh century started a diaspora that would lead them all over the world.
The rom retain several features which define its identity. One of them is their language, Romany , an Indo-European language which adapt to local customs and idioms. Another is their traditional dress, particularly in women, with long skirts and colorful shawls. Moreover, they also maintain a family structure patriarchal character with fairly conservative ideas. While Roma are related to other people outside their ethnic group (non-gypsies in Spain, Gadjé in general), seeking to forge links with other family members of his ethnicity.
There are several types of families rom: the Kalderash , from the Balkans and fed groups of emigrants to North America and South America, the Calé, mostly in Spain and France, the Sinti, established in Central Europe, the U.S. settled Romanichels and the United Kingdom, and the Lion, settled in Central America and parts of Europe. It is estimated that approx. worldwide 10 million Roma live, mostly based in Europe.
The rom probably came to Peru from Spain in the late sixteenth century, despite the opposition of Philip II, who issued an order to the Audiencia of Lima in which it was stipulated to locate the re rom -send to Spain. It is also estimated that came from Brazil Portuguese rom the mid-fourteenth century. Could be related, according to Million, the presence of these groups of Roma in the colony with the dance of the gypsies, an artist's own North of the country, Otuzco. In 1749 Fernando VI ordered The Great Raid, with the aim of arresting and finally banish all Gypsies from the kingdom, without exception. It is likely that all the Roma arrived in Peru during the colonial period has left the country through this raid, in any case, various sources indicate that the Roma currently living in Peru are not descended from these rom Iberian, but Kalderash Roma.
The arrival of the first group of Roma to Peru in the nineteenth century is mentioned by Pacheco, where he recorded a note of the newspaper El Comercio on February 6, 1893:
"Intercepting the passage of pedestrians, forced into center of the street ladies scary little girls and other people, today I walked down a sidewalk on the block of this printing, a game of dirty gypsies, one of which led to shooting a big bear dirty, ugly and fierce-looking, those that are determined to make currencies wherever they go these tribes wandering the Bohemia throws on the entire world. It is sick that these guys are allowed to embarrass the most central filthy streets of a civilized capital, in addition to that, you consent to occupy the sidewalks with their fierce and introducing a fortiori in backyards improvise decent shows and ask for money reward is more than endurance and that calls for police intervention in stores the tranquility of the transients and those seen in the backyard dancing fierce force sticks. "
As we see, were highly stereotyped and negative comments. According to Pardo-Figueroa, the first group of Roma arrived in Peru were ethnic Kalderash, branch boias, related professions associated with circuses and animal trainers. Apparently, now no longer live boias Roma in the country, but those that are established are ethnic Kalderash, branch and branch jorajay Leasa, who arrived in Peru in the early twentieth century, currently engaged in business activities as the sale of cars and several businesses. While the number of Roma in Peru is minimal, we can not deny that play an important role in the popular imagination Peru (we have all heard of them), requiring further study to determine its current features.
-------------------------- * LA INDIA, EUROPE AND THE ANDES: THE GYPSY IMMIGRATION AL PERU. Pardo-Figueroa Carlos Thays. Magazine The Blue Lamp 2002. In: http://www.lamparazul.info/?p=69
* www.wikipedia.com: Gypsy Village.
* Transcript of Dr. Luis Millones statements presented in the video "Dancers of the Virgin" Archive MUDIC Traditional Catholic University of Peru. PACHECO
* IBARRA, Juan Jose 2004 "The arrival of gypsies to Lima."
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