Tuesday, June 16, 2009

What Does It Mean When Bladder Flips

incidents with the Holy See and Luigi Ghilardi



Within the special relationship he had Peru during the nineteenth century Italy, specifically the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Republic of Genoa can not fail to mention the diplomatic incidents arising from assigned to the Vatican newspaper. Precisely the Legation of Peru in Rome on September 6, 1859 issued a document to the Cardinal Secretary of Foreign Affairs of His Holiness, protesting over a note in the "Giornale di Roma", number 200, September 3, 1859, which mentioned that the Republics of Peru, New Granada and Venezuela are prey the horrors of civil war and: "that foreigners and residents of the former are abused, robbed and arrested without scruples, so that calls from all over the energetic intervention of a European government" .

This accusation, though not without a real basis, as the atrocities committed against the Germans and the colonists themselves Rodulfo Rhine and Tyrolean for Pozuzo, was refuted by the Peruvian representative in Rome, stating that:

" None of the States of Europe gives foreigners more comforts and conveniences that Peru: Government of the Republic protects European immigration, travel meet to the Pacific coast, and giving the colonists food, land, farm implements and other positive assurances, not to mention foreign d elos natives of other nations, in Peru there is considerable number of Italians, who has a fortune of large intervals acquired and preserved without pregnancy, despite their lack of resources and relationships at the time of their arrival, most belong to the Kingdom of Sardinia and many more are married to a Peruvian and are the parents of many families. The Piedmontese government and the Pontifical have Consuls General in Peru ... if the Italians as foreigners are as stolen, abused and arrested why their respective Consuls not go to the Peruvian authorities for the efforts ?..."


Even the Peruvian representative mentioned that because not all foreigners or Italians are honest and hardworking, there are some who abuse the hospitality due to take part in civil strife and commit crimes, specifically refers to the case of a party of Italians led by Luigi Ghilardi criminally were introduced in the rooms of the General Varea, Prefect of Cajamarca, and shot him in the context of a civil war.
Five days
GC Antonelli responds that the information given by the Giornale di Roma was extracted from the Gazette of Milan on 30 August and that the Government does not guarantee the authenticity of all items taken from other sources.

This document illustrates how the theory was the Peruvian government and promoted the immigration laws in Europe, signing contracts with agents at the time and subsequently by the European Society of Immigration (an attempt far more organized than previous ) which were almost always met in practice fully, as the case of Pozuzo settlers in 1857, the German colonies of the Amazon in 1853, Talambo Basque settlers in 1863 and many other cases mentioned in the book of John Arona (on Irish and Belgian colonists). And of course, the confusion and dismay over the failure of these contracts reached Europe as described by Duval "and the settlers who were from Germany have filled the two worlds with their complaints."

NOTE: Luis Ghilardi (born August 10, 1800 in Lucca, Tuscany) was a member of Garibaldi's army, which participated actively in the Italian union and the campaign of a thousand who broke the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, escaped from Callao prison following the events of Cajamarca and went to Mexico where he fought against the French forces of invasion, was captured in Colotitlán, moved to Aguascalientes and executed on February 15, 1864 by a battalion commanded by Major Swabians Lapage.




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(1) Immigration in Peru. 1891. Juan de Arona
(2) History of European Migration, Asian and African in the nineteenth century, its causes, its characters and its effects. 1861. M. Jules Duval
(3) Collection of treaties, conventions capitulation, armistice, and other diplomatic and political events held since independence to date, preceded by an INTRODUCTION which includes the colonial era. Ricardo Aranda, Peru. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Government Printer, 1907.
(4) General Luis Ghilardi: Republican Italian, Mexican hero. Antonio Peconi. 1997 (photo taken from this reference)

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